Hubungan Iklim Sekolah yang Authoritative dengan Penurunan Perilaku Bullying: Suatu Literatur Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jmpis.v6i5.5646Keywords:
Bullying, Iklim Sekolah Authoritative, Systematic Literature Review, Siswa KorbanAbstract
Perilaku bullying di sekolah merupakan masalah global yang berdampak serius terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis siswa. Salah satu pendekatan yang dinilai efektif untuk mengurangi perundungan adalah menciptakan iklim sekolah yang authoritative, yaitu perpaduan antara struktur disiplin yang tegas dengan dukungan emosional dari guru. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menelaah secara sistematis literatur empiris lima tahun terakhir yang membahas hubungan antara iklim sekolah authoritative dengan perilaku bullying, khususnya dari sudut pandang korban. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pedoman PRISMA. Artikel diperoleh dari basis data Google Scholar dan PubMed menggunakan aplikasi Publish or Perish, dengan total 500 artikel yang diidentifikasi. Setelah proses seleksi dan eliminasi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi (peer-reviewed, fokus pada korban bullying, tersedia dalam full-text, dan terbit dalam lima tahun terakhir), sebanyak 8 artikel dianalisis secara mendalam. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif-kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan tematik. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa iklim sekolah authoritative berkorelasi negatif dengan tingkat bullying. Iklim ini berperan penting dalam menurunkan risiko menjadi korban melalui peningkatan rasa aman, harga diri, dan keterikatan siswa terhadap sekolah. Faktor-faktor mediasi seperti dukungan guru, rasa memiliki, dan empati siswa memperkuat hubungan tersebut. Kajian ini menekankan pentingnya intervensi berbasis sekolah yang menyeimbangkan disiplin dan empati untuk mencegah dan mengurangi perilaku bullying secara efektif, khususnya dalam konteks masyarakat kolektivis seperti Indonesia.
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