Peran Media sebagai Bukti Pendukung dalam Proses Peradilan Mahkamah Internasional (Studi Kasus Tuntutan Afrika Selatan terkait Perang Israel dengan Palestina Tahun 2023–2024)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v6i1.6020Keywords:
Digital Media Evidence, Framing, Agenda Setting, International Court of Justice, Israel–Palestine ConflictAbstract
Studi ini bertujuan menganalisis validitas dan tantangan penggunaan media digital sebagai bukti dalam sidang ICJ. Selain itu, studi ini menilai dampak media dalam membentuk opini publik dan mendorong tekanan diplomatik. Pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif digunakan, yang menampilkan analisis konten naratif dari materi media dan dibingkai oleh teori pembingkaian Entman (1993) dan kerangka pengaturan agenda McCombs & Shaw (1972). Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa media digital melakukan peran ganda: mereka mendokumentasikan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia secara real time dan berfungsi sebagai instrumen pembingkaian yang membangun narasi kemanusiaan, dengan demikian memobilisasi solidaritas global dan memperkuat legitimasi Afrika Selatan dalam membawa kasus tersebut ke ICJ. Namun, kredibilitas bukti media tersebut sering dipertanyakan karena risiko misinformasi, bias editorial, dan manipulasi narasi. Akibatnya, integritas proses peradilan dan kepercayaan publik dapat dirusak tanpa mekanisme verifikasi yang kuat. Studi ini merekomendasikan pengembangan protokol verifikasi media yang transparan, berkolaborasi dengan badan independen (misalnya, organisasi pemeriksa fakta dan forensik digital), dan meningkatkan literasi media di antara para pelaku diplomatik untuk menjaga integritas bukti media dalam proses hukum internasional.
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