Prinsip “Presumption of Liability” Dikaitkan dengan Release and Discharge Sebagai Persyaratan Pembayaran Kompensasi Meninggalnya Penumpang Akibat Kecelakaan Pesawat Udara Penerbangan dalam Negeri
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v3i2.1471Keywords:
Presumption of Liability, Legal Status of Release and Discharge, Consumer ProtectionAbstract
Abstract: This paper is a literature study. We collected all the literature related to aircraft accident compensation mechanisms, analyzed relevant regulations and standards, identifying things that could still be improved, and formulated recommendations for regulatory mechanisms that we thought would be more optimal. The results of our study indicate that it is necessary to consider reviewing regulations regarding carrier responsibility and further research regarding product liability to increase public confidence in the civil aviation industry. This research is expected to assist the Ministry of Transportation in making regulations related to aircraft accident compensation procedures for commercial air transportation in Indonesia. In addition, it is hoped that this study will also provide a platform for a more in-depth study of accident compensation in the civil aviation sector.
Abstrak: Tulisan ini adalah sebuah studi Pustaka. Kami mengumpulkan semua literatur yang terkait dengan mekanisme kompensasi kecelakaan pesawat, menganalisa peraturan dan standar yang relevan, mengidentifikasi hal-hal yang masih dapat ditingkatkan, dan merumuskan rekomendasi mekanisme pengaturan yang menurut kami akan lebih optimal. Hasil studi kami menunjukkan bahwa perlu dipertimbangkan untuk mereviu peraturan terkait tanggung jawab pengangkut dan perlu dibuat penelitian lebih lanjut terkait tanggung jawab produk (product liability) untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan publik terhadap industri penerbangan sipil. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu Kementerian Perhubungan dalam membuat peraturan terkait prosedur kompensasi kecelakaan pesawat udara untuk angkutan udara niaga di Indonesia. Selain itu, studi ini diharapkan juga memberikan platform bagi studi lebih mendalam tentang kompensasi kecelakaan di sektor penerbangan sipil.
References
Konvensi Chicago 1944 – Internation Aviation Civil-
Konvensi Montreal 1999 – For the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air.
Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 1964 tentang Dana Pertanggungan Wajib Kecelakaan Penumpang;
Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen;
Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan;
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, Pasal 1337:”Suatu sebab adalah terlarang, apabila dilarang oleh undang-undang, atau apabila berlawanan dengan kesus baik atau ketertiban umum”.
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, Pasal 1338 ayat (1):”Semua perjanjian yang dibuat secara sah berlaku sebagai undang-undang bagi mereka yang membuatnya”.
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 1965 tentang Ketentuan-Ketentuan Pelaksanaan Dana Pertanggungan Wajib Kecelakaan Penumpang;
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 40 Tahun 1995 tentang Angkutan Udara;
Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 77 Tahun 2011 tentang Tanggung Jawab Pengangkutan Udara;
Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 92 Tahun 2011 tentang Perubahan Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 77 Tahun 2011 Tanggung Jawab Pengangkutan Udara;
Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 23 /POJK.05/2015 tentang Produk Asuransi dan Pemasaran Produk Asuransi.
Keputusan, (2010), Mahkamah Agung RI Nomor 186/PDT.G/2009/PN.JKT.PST;
ICAO Safety Report, (2020), A Coordinated, Risk-based Approach to Improving Global Aviation Safety, (pp.5);
Abdurrasyd, Priatna (2008), Beberapa Bentuk Hukum sebagai Pengantar Menuju Indonesia Emas 2020, (pp. 100-102), Fikahati Aneska;
Adetola Adegbayi (2016), Aviation Liability Insurance-A Lyaman’s Essay and a Case for the Nigerian Liability Insurance Pool (NLIP), Article, retrived from https://www.linkedin.com;
Abimanyu Faiz Prajogo dan K. Martono, (2019), (pp.1-19), Jurnal Hukum Adigama, Vo.2, No.2, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Tarumanegara, retrieve from https://journal.untar.ac.id;
Airbus (2022), Distribution of Accident by Accidents Category: Definition of Accident Categories, retrived from https://accidentstats.airbus.com;
Arafah, Adhy Riadhy dan Sarah Amelia Nursani (2019), Pengantar Hukum Penerbangan Privat, (pp.27-37),Prenadamedia Group, Cet. Pertama;
Bekker, P. H., & Hughes, D. (2014). Air Law and Policy. London: Routledge.
Bernadetha Aurelia, (2022), Ini Syarat Sahnya Perjanjian dan Akibatnya jika tidak dipenuhi, Artikel, retrived from https://www.hukumonline.com;
Dias Prasongko (2019), Kompensasi 2,1 M untuk Ahli Waris Korban Lion Air Cair, Artikel, retrived from https://bisnis.tempo.co;
Devi Andani, (2018), Release and Discharge Sebagai Bentuk Tanggung Jawab Pribadi Pemegang Saham Utang BLBI, (pp. 1-24), Lex-Renaissance Journal, No. 1, Vol. 3. retrive from https://journal.uii.ac.id;
Erick Burgueno Salas, (2022), Leading primary contributing factors to aircraft accidents worldwide between 2016 and 2020, by percentage contribution, retrived from https://www.statistica.com;
Goonetilleke, R. S. (2006). Airline liability for passenger injury or death: The Warsaw system and its competition. (pp.283-327);Journal of Air Law and Commerce, 71(2),
Hyperlink PT. Garuda Indonesia, retrived from https://www.garuda-indonesia.com;
Hyperlink PT. Citilink, retrived from https://www.citilink.co.id;
Jacob P. and B.F. Kiker, (1986), Accident Compensation for Airlines Passenger: An Economic Analysis of Liability Rules Under Warsaw Convention, Journal of Air Law and Commerce, (pp.589), Vol. 51, Issue 3, Article 3, retrived from hhtps://scholar.smu.edu;
Kantaatmadja, Mieke Komar, (1984), Berbagai Masalah Hukum Udara dan Angkasa, (pp. 39), Remadja Karya CV. Cet. Pertama;
Khouri, Ghalib Helal, (1980), The Liability of Aircraft Manufacturers a Study of Present System and Proposal of New Approach, (pp.3), Thesis, McGill University, Montrel, Canada;
Kiwi, Artikel, (2022) - retrived from https://www.suarapemredkalbar.com/read/ponticity;
Legnaro, A. (2007). Presumption of liability in the Warsaw and Montreal Conventions. In 7th World Congress on Aviation and Space Medicine Proceedings (pp. 5-8). Amsterdam: IOS Press.
Loeweintheil, Hannah, (2013), 7 Reasons Flying is Still the Safest Way to Travel, Article, July 8th 2013, retrived from https//mic.com;
Luft, A. (2013). Liability in international air transport: The Warsaw and Montreal systems. In G. Rothwell & D. J. W. Bates (Eds.), Air Law and Policy (pp. 311-325). Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing.
Martono, K., (2009), Hukum Penerbangan berdasarkan UURI No. 1 Tahun 2009, Bagian Pertama, CV. Mandar Maju;
Martono, K., dan Agus Pramono, (2013), Hukum Udara Perdata Internasional dan Nasional, (pp. 43-215), PT. RadjaGrafindo Persada, 2013;
Mia Hadiati, Gunawan Djajaputra and K. Martono, (2017), Laws and Regulations of Civil Aviation Insurance Applicable in Indonesia, (pp-26-35), International Journal of Business and Management Invention, Volume 6 Issue 2, retrived from www.ijbmi.org,;
Nida Wafiqah dan Rosmawati, (2021) Release and Discharge Agreement in the Compensation Settlement by Airlines Company (a National and International Law Perspective), (pp.116-124), Student Journal of International Law Vol. 1, No. 2, Faculty of Law, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia, Retrived from https://jim.usk.ac.id/SJIL/article/view/19277;
Paul Stephen Dempsey, (2010), Independence of Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities: Keeping the Foxes from the Henhouse (pp.223), Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Vol. 75, No. 2, retrived from https://papers.ssrn.com;
Pramuditya Syaiful Maarif, (2018), Implementasi Penerapan Pemberian Ganti Kerugian Korban Kecelakaan Pesawat (Studi Kasus Lion Air JT-610 PK-LPQ), (pp. 56-57), Skripsi, Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayahtullah, Jakarta, retrived from https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id.
PT. Asuransi ASWATA, (2023), retrived from https://www.aswata.co,id.
PT Jasa Raharja (Persero), (2023) retrived from https://www.jasaraharja.co.id;
PT. Asuransi Allianz Life Indonesia, (2023) retrived from https://www.allianz.co.id;
Ridha Aditya Nugraha, (2022), Compensation for Victims of Air Transportation Accident under Indonesian Legal Regime: A Review Towards Sriwijaya Air SJ-182 Accident, (pp. 17-27), Jurnal, retrived from https://www.law.tu.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/4;
Rod D. Margo, (1996), Aspects of Insurance in Aviation Finance, Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Vol.62 Issue 2 Article 4, retrived https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc/vol62/iss2;
Ruwantissa Abeyratne, (2017), Megatrends and Air Transport: Legal, Ethical and Economic Issues, (pp.15), Springer International Publishing AG.
Simon A. Butt and Tim Lindsay, (2020), Liability for the Death for Aircraft Passenger in Indonesia, Jurnal of Air Law and Commerce, (pp. 573-607), Vol. 85, Issue 4 Article 2; retrived from https://scholar.smu.edu.
Verschoor, Diederick, (1988), An Introduction to Air Law, (pp.56),Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 3Rd Edition;
Wahana Sazpah, Fence Wantu dan Nur Mohamad Kasim, (2020), Tanggung Jawab Corporasi Boeing Company Atas Kecelakaan Pesawat di Indonesia, (pp. 76-82), Gorontalo Law Review, Vol. 3., No.1, Retrived from https://www.researchgate.net;
Website PT. Lion Mentari Airlines, (2023), retrived from https://www.lionair.co.id
Website PT. Batik Air, (2023) retirved from https://www.batikair.co.id
Website PT. Indonesia AirAsia, (2023), “Term and Conditions of Carraige for QZ Flights, retrived from https://www.airasia.com;
Zaryab Khan, Roha Siddique, Maryam farrukh, Link between human factors and aviation accident and incidents, Global Scientific Journal, Vo. 10, Issue 6, Juni, 2022,Hal. 670 retrived from https://www.globalscientificjournal.com.
Zhang Chaohan and Zhang Luping, (2017) Development in Aviation Product Liability and its Implication to China, (pp. 1-12),Article, retrived from https://papers.ssm.com;
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Hak cipta :
Penulis yang mempublikasikan manuskripnya di jurnal ini menyetujui ketentuan berikut:
- Hak cipta pada setiap artikel adalah milik penulis.
- Penulis mengakui bahwa Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) berhak menjadi yang pertama menerbitkan dengan lisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0) .
- Penulis dapat mengirimkan artikel secara terpisah, mengatur distribusi non-eksklusif manuskrip yang telah diterbitkan dalam jurnal ini ke versi lain (misalnya, dikirim ke repositori institusi penulis, publikasi ke dalam buku, dll.), dengan mengakui bahwa manuskrip telah diterbitkan pertama kali di JIHHP.