Global Talent Management (GTM) Practices for Expatriates: A Systematic Literature Review of Strategic Approaches and Organizational Outcomes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jemsi.v7i2.7049Keywords:
Global Talent Management, Expatriates, Strategic HRM, Organizational Outcomes, Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Praktik Global Talent Managemnt (GTM) telah menjadi alat strategis bagi organisasi multinasional untuk mempertahankan keunggulan kompetitif berbasis sumber daya manusia global di era globalisasi dan mobilitas kerja lintas negara yang semakin kompleks. Tujuan dari Systematic Literature Review (SLR) tentang praktik GTM yang diterapkan bagi ekspatriat adalah untuk memfokuskan pada pendekatan strategis dan bagaimana hal itu berdampak pada hasil organisasi. Kajian ini meninjau sepuluh artikel ilmiah terkenal (Q1–Q2 Scopus/Web of Science) yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020 dan 2025. Ini mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa GTM ekspatriat mengalami pergeseran paradigm: dari pendekatan administratif ke pendekatan strategis yang dimasukkan ke dalam struktur manajemen sumber daya manusia strategis (SHRM). Penelitian telah menemukan empat tema utama: (1) keselarasan strategis GTM dengan tujuan korporasi, (2) pengembangan karier ekspatriat dan keberlanjutan mobilitas global, (3) kontribusi GTM terhadap kinerja dan inovasi organisasi, dan (4) dampak faktor budaya dan kelembagaan terhadap efektivitas GTM lintas negara. Hasil ini, dari perspektif teoritis, mendukung perspektif Resource-Based View (RBV) bahwa talenta global adalah sumber daya strategis yang langka dan bernilai tinggi. Secara praktis, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model GTM yang adaptif diperlukan untuk menangani transformasi digital dan konteks budaya lokal. Penelitian ini membantu memperluas pemahaman kita tentang hubungan antara GTM strategis, efektivitas ekspatriat, dan hasil organisasi dalam konteks manajemen modern di seluruh dunia.
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