Pengaruh Skor ESG Komposit terhadap Profitabilitas Perbankan di Asia Tenggara Dimoderasi Pertumbuhan PDB

Authors

  • Jason Hartanto Universitas Terbuka, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Tubagus Ismail Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten, Indonesia
  • Martino Wibowo Universitas Terbuka, Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords:

ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance), Profitabilitas, Perbankan, Asia Tenggara

Abstract

Penelitian ini menginvestigasi pengaruh skor komposit Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) terhadap profitabilitas perbankan yang diproksikan melalui Net Profit Margin (NPM) di kawasan Asia Tenggara dengan Pertumbuhan PDB (GDP Growth) sebagai variabel moderasi. Studi kuantitatif eksplanatori ini bertujuan mengisi gap empiris akibat keterbatasan riset komparatif lintas batas yang memanfaatkan skor ESG terpadu dari Bloomberg Terminal. Data sekunder diperoleh dari lima belas entitas perbankan ASEAN periode 2015 hingga 2023 diolah menggunakan analisis regresi data panel dengan Random Effect Model (REM) sebagai pendekatan yang paling tepat. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa kinerja ESG komposit memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap NPM. Hasil ini menguatkan prinsip-prinsip Teori Pemangku Kepentingan dan Teori Legitimasi serta menegaskan ESG sebagai value driver yang berhasil mengonversi kepercayaan pemangku kepentingan menjadi nilai finansial yang lebih tinggi. Akan tetapi, variabel interaksi ESG*GDP Growth tidak signifikan. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengaruh positif ESG terhadap profitabilitas bank bersifat intrinsik dan stabil dan tidak bergantung pada fluktuasi siklus ekonomi makro di kawasan ini. Bank direkomendasikan untuk memandang ESG sebagai investasi strategis guna memperkuat NPM dan stabilitas jangka panjang.

References

Almulla, S., Albaity, M., & Al-Tamimi, H. A. H. (2025). The effects of ESG and institutional quality on financial stability: evidence from GCC banks. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 15(2), 309.

Antin, Y., Kartin, A. 2022. Analisis Pengaruh Gross Profit Margin (Gpm), Return on Asset (Roa), Debt to Equity Rasio(Der) Dan Net Profit Margin (Npm) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba Pada Pt. Sat Nusa Persada Tbk.,” Jurnal Bina Manajemen 11, No. 1: 128

Aziz, A. 2022. Mengukur Pengaruh Investasi Esg Pada Perbankan Di Indonesia, Dan Bagaimana Peran Kebijakan Fiskal: Analisis Data Panel. Jakarta: Kementerian Keuangan

Bătae, O. M., Dragomir, V. D., & Feleagă, L. (2021). The relationship between environmental, social, and financial performance in the banking sector: A European study. Journal of cleaner production, 290, 125791.

Barman, E. (2018). Doing well by doing good: A comparative analysis of esg standards for responsible investment. Advances in Strategic Management, 38, 289–311

Berg, F., Kölbel, J. F., & Rigobon, R. (2022). Aggregate confusion: The divergence of ESG ratings. Review of Finance, 26(6), 1315-1344.

Bloomberg. 2024. Bloomberg Launches Proprietary ESG Scores. https://www.bloomberg.com/company/press/bloomberg-launches-proprietary-esg-scores

Boffo, R., & Patalano, R. (2020). ESG investing: practices, progress and challenges. Éditions OCDE, Paris.

Buallay, A., & Al-Ajmi, J. (2020). The role of audit committee attributes in corporate sustainability reporting: Evidence from banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 21(2), 249-264.

Buallay, A., Fadel, S. M., Alajmi, J., & Saudagaran, S. (2021). Sustainability reporting and bank performance after financial crisis: evidence from developed and developing countries. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 31(4), 747-770.

Centobelli, P., Cerchione, R., Chiaroni, D., Del Vecchio, P., & Urbinati, A. (2020). Designing business models in circular economy: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(4), 1734-1749.

Dowling, J., & Pfeffer, J. (1975). Legitimasi Organisasi: Nilai Sosial dan Perilaku Organisasi. Perspektif Sosiologis, 18(1), 122-36.

Durlista, M. A., & Wahyudi, I. (2023). Pengaruh Pengungkapan Environmental, Social Dan Governance (Esg) Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan Pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Pertambangan Batu Bara Periode 2017-2022. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 7(3), 210-232.

Duque-Grisales, E., & Aguilera-Caracuel, J. (2021). Environmental, social and governance (ESG) scores and financial performance of multilatinas: Moderating effects of geographic international diversification and financial slack. Journal of Business Ethics, 168(2), 315–334

El Khoury, R., Nasrallah, N., & Alareeni, B. (2021). ESG and financial performance of banks in the MENAT region: concavity–convexity patterns. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 13(1), 406-430.

Esteban-Sanchez, P., de la Cuesta-Gonzalez, M., & Paredes-Gazquez, J. D. (2017). Corporate social performance and its relation with corporate financial performance: International evidence in the banking industry. Journal of cleaner production, 162, 1102-1110.

Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge university press.

Govindaraju, V, C., Sarpaneswaran, S., Keshminder, J, S. (2024). Policy Coordination for Private Sector Engagement in Climate Change Adaptation. ASCC Research and Development Platform, Policy Brief #6

Gujarati, D. 2011. Econometrics by Example. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan

Gutiérrez-Ponce, H., & Wibowo, S. A. (2023). Do Sustainability Activities Affect the Financial Performance of Banks? The Case of Indonesian Banks. Sustainability, 15(8), Article 8

IFC. (2021). ESG Guidebook. Washington: International Finance Corporation (Wolrd Bank Group)

Islam, M. T., Kokubu, K., & Nishitani, K. (2021). Corporate social reporting in the banking industry of Bangladesh: a test of legitimacy theory. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(2), 198-225.

Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. In Corporate governance (pp. 77-132). Gower.

Murphy, Chris. B. (2024). What Is Net Profit Margin? Formula and Examples. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/net_margin.asp

Pratiwi, A., Laila, K. Z., & Anondo, D. (2022). Pengaruh pengungkapan sustainability report terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan perbankan di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Terapan Dan Bisnis, 2(1), 60-71.

Sandberg, H., Alnoor, A., & Tiberius, V. (2022). Environmental, social, and governance ratings and financial performance: Evidence from the European food industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(4), 2471-2489.

Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of management review, 20(3), 571-610.

United Nation. (2015). Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals

UNDP. (2024). Asia In Focus: Esg Investing and the Business and Human Rights Agenda. United Nation Development Program. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2024-06/final_esg_investment_in_asia_report.pdf

Yoon, B., Lee, J., & Byun, R. (2018). Does ESG performance enhance firm value? Evidence from Korea. Sustainability, 10(10), 3635

Downloads

Published

2025-12-15

How to Cite

Jason Hartanto, Tubagus Ismail, & Martino Wibowo. (2025). Pengaruh Skor ESG Komposit terhadap Profitabilitas Perbankan di Asia Tenggara Dimoderasi Pertumbuhan PDB. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi, 7(2), 1400–1410. Retrieved from https://dinastirev.org/index.php/JEMSI/article/view/6932