Tidak Semua Organisasi adalah Bisnis: Reposisi Manajemen sebagai Ilmu Tata Kelola Etis, Proporsional, dan Berbasis Manfaat Lintas Sektor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jimt.v7i5.8526Keywords:
manajemen, tata kelola, organisasi non-bisnis, public value, MPBM, lintas sektorAbstract
Manajemen kerap dipahami secara sempit sebagai ilmu bisnis, padahal tidak semua organisasi merupakan entitas bisnis. Pemerintah, lembaga pendidikan, rumah sakit, masjid, pesantren, yayasan, program pangan, organisasi sosial, komunitas keuangan, dan lembaga lingkungan memiliki mandat yang berbeda dari perusahaan komersial. Artikel ini bertujuan mereposisi manajemen sebagai ilmu tata kelola organisasi lintas sektor yang etis, proporsional, akuntabel, dan berbasis manfaat. Kajian ini menggunakan desain artikel konseptual melalui pendekatan narrative literature review dan refleksi kritis terhadap literatur manajemen, public value governance, public service management, nonprofit governance, mosque governance, patient safety governance, school meals governance, higher education as public good, dan responsible management education. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa reduksi organisasi non-bisnis ke dalam logika profit-rente berpotensi melahirkan komersialisasi layanan, penyimpangan mandat, ketimpangan akses, moral hazard, konflik kepentingan, lemahnya akuntabilitas, dan turunnya kepercayaan publik. Sebaliknya, manajemen sebagai ilmu tata kelola mampu menempatkan organisasi sesuai mandat, nilai, sumber daya, risiko, pemangku kepentingan, dan manfaat yang harus dihasilkan. Artikel ini menawarkan konsep Manajemen Proporsional Berbasis Manfaat (MPBM) sebagai kerangka konseptual untuk membaca organisasi lintas sektor secara adil, kontekstual, dan bertanggung jawab. Kontribusi artikel ini terletak pada penguatan identitas ilmu manajemen sebagai disiplin aplikatif-integratif yang melampaui batas bisnis, sekaligus memberi arah bagi pendidikan manajemen agar menghasilkan lulusan yang mampu mengelola organisasi secara etis, strategis, dan berorientasi pada manfaat publik.
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