Inklusi Keuangan, Kompetisi, dan Profitabilitas Bank di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jmpis.v6i6.6529Keywords:
Inklusi Keuangan, Tingkat Kompetisi, Profitabilitas Bank, Dynamic Panel DataAbstract
Studi ini menguji pengaruh inklusi keuangan terhadap profitabilitas bank dengan menggunakan tingkat kompetisi sebagai variabel moderasi. Studi menggunakan data tahunan dari 70 sampel bank umum di Indonesia selama periode 2013-2022 dan mengaplikasikan metode two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM). Variabel dependen dalam studi ini adalah profitabilitas bank, yang diproksikan oleh variabel Return on Asset (ROA) dan Return on Equity (ROE). Sedangkan variabel inklusi keuangan diproksikan oleh tiga variabel, yaitu: jumlah ATM, jumlah kantor cabang, dan proporsi kredit UMKM. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa jumlah ATM berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ROA. Sedangkan jumlah kantor cabang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ROE. Sementara itu, tingkat kompetisi mempunyai pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ROA dan ROE. Selanjutnya, joint effect antara jumlah ATM dan kompetisi terhadap ROA adalah negatif dan signifikan, namun dampaknya terhadap ROE, memberikan hasil yang positif meskipun tidak signifikan secara statistik.
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